Blood-based metabolic signature outperforms standard method for predicting diet, disease risk
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Additionally, the blood-based signature often outperformed the healthy eating index, a standard measure of diet quality, for identifying who is more likely to develop both diabetes and cardiovascular disease based on each food group. For example, when the food frequency questionnaire indicated an 18% increase in the risk of diabetes for a person eating red meat, the blood-based signature found a 55% increased risk.
“The use of metabolites to understand food exposures and nutrition is an expanding area in nutritional science,” said co-author Ravi Shah, M.D., cardiologist and associate professor of medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. “Beyond understanding what types of nutrition are better or worse for our health, the methods here could allow those studying food science to take a metabolic snapshot of nutrition and diet to better understand their implications on health.”
SEE ALSO: Metabolism in Young Adulthood Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Later On
The findings come on the heels of a $170 million award from the National Institutes of Health to clinics and centers nationwide for a Nutrition for Precision Health study for “develop[ing] algorithms to predict individual responses to food and dietary routines,” according to a release.
The blood-based signature technique, researchers say, needs to be tested in prospective, controlled studies of different diets. Knowing precisely how well people are adhering to a diet using blood-based signatures, Murthy says, will create even stronger results.
“Diet and nutritional research is really difficult,” Murthy said. “We see this as an important step and set of tools to do nutritional research with greater precision and efficiency. Eventually, such work may allow us to better understand optimal diets for our patients.”
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Additional authors include Lyn M. Steffen, Ph.D., M.P.H., David R, Jacobs Jr., Ph.D., University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Matthew Nayor, M.D., Boston University School of Medicine, Jared P. Reis, Ph.D., National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Norrina B. Allen, Ph.D., Donald Lloyd-Jones, M.D., Sc.M., Northwestern University, Katie Meyer, Sc.D., UNC Chapel Hill, Joanne Cole, Ph.D., Massachusetts General Hospital, Paolo Piaggi, Ph.D., University of Pisa, Ramachandran S. Vasan, M.D., Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, The Framingham Heart Study, and Clary B. Clish, Ph.D., Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, the University of Michigan.
This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the American Heart Association.
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Paper cited: “Dietary Metabolic Signatures and Cardiometabolic Risk,” European Heart Journal. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac446
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