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¹ “The Biden Administration’s and HHS’s Plan to Advance Health Care Equity,” The National Law Review, April 2022, https://www.natlawreview.com/article/biden-administration-s-and-hhs-s-plan-to-advance-health-care-equity.
² “New CMS Rule Increases Payments for Acute Care Hospitals and Advances Health Equity, Maternal Health, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, August 2022, https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/new-cms-rule-increases-payments-acute-care-hospitals-and-advances-health-equity-maternal-health.
³ Data, Measurement, and Equity: Stratifying HEDIS Measures by Race and Ethnicity, National Committee for Quality (NCQA), 2023, https://www.ncqa.org/health-equity/data-and-measurement/.
⁴ Smedley, Brian D.; Stith, Adrienne Y.; Nelson, Alan R., Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, National Academies Press (US), 2003, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25032386/.
⁵ “Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2020,” US Census Bureau, September 2021, https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2021/demo/p60-274.html.
⁶ Healthy People 2000 Final Review, National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hp2000/hp2k01.pdf.
⁷ “Revisiting the ‘Unequal Treatment’ report, 20 years later,” Harvard Public Health Magazine, October 2022, https://harvardpublichealth.org/alumni-post/revisiting-the-unequal-treatment-report-20-years-later/.
⁸ “Healthy People 2030,” U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, https://health.gov/healthypeople.
⁹ Galewitz, Phil; Weber, Lauren; Whitehead, Sam, “States Have Yet to Spend Hundreds of Millions of Federal Dollars to Tackle Covid Health Disparities,” Kaiser Health News, May 2022, https://khn.org/news/article/covid-health-disparities-federal-funding-state-spending/.
¹⁰ “Revisiting the ‘Unequal Treatment’ report, 20 years later,” Harvard Public Health Magazine, October 2022, https://harvardpublichealth.org/alumni-post/revisiting-the-unequal-treatment-report-20-years-later/.
¹¹ Cene, Crystal; Viswanathan, Meera; Fichtenberg, Caroline M.; Sathe, Nila A.; Kennedy, Sara M.; Gottlieb, Laura M.; Cartier, Yuri; Peek, Monica E., “Racial Health Equity and Social Needs Interventions: A Review of a Scoping Review,” JAMA Network Open, 19 January 2023, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36656582/.
¹² “Health Disparities Report 2021,” America’s Health Rankings, UnitedHealth Foundation, 2021, https://assets.americashealthrankings.org/app/uploads/2021_ahr_health-disparities-comprehensive-report_final.pdf.
¹³ “Life expectancy in the U.S. increased between 2000-2019, but widespread gaps among racial and ethnic groups exist,” National Institute of Health, June 2022, https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/life-expectancy-us-increased-between-2000-2019-widespread-gaps-among-racial-ethnic-groups-exist.
¹⁴ “20 years ago, a landmark report spotlighted systemic racism in medicine. Why has so little changed?” STAT, February 2022, https://www.statnews.com/2022/02/23/landmark-report-systemic-racism-medicine-so-little-has-changed/.
¹⁵ “Racial and Ethnic Disparities Continue in Pregnancy-Related Deaths,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 September 2019, https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/p0905-racial-ethnic-disparities-pregnancy-deaths.html.
¹⁶ MacDorman, Marian; Thoma, Marie; Declcerq, Eugene; Howell, Elizabeth A., “Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal Mortality in the United States Using Enhanced Vital Records, 2016—2017,” American Journal of Public Health, 22 September 2021.
¹⁷ Hoyert, Donna L.; Miniño, Arialdi M, “Maternal Mortality in the United States: Changes in Coding Publication, and Data Release, 2018,” National Vital Statistics Report, 30 January 2020, https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/84769.
¹⁸ “Black Women Over Three Times More Likely to Die in Pregnancy, Postpartum Than White Women, New Research Finds,” Population Reference Bureau, 6 December 2021, https://www.prb.org/resources/black-women-over-three-times-more-likely-to-die-in-pregnancy-postpartum-than-white-women-new-research-finds/.
¹⁹ Jatoi, Ismail; Sung, Hyuna; Jemal, Admedin, “The Emergence of Racial Disparity in US Breast Cancer Mortality,” New England Journal of Medicine, 23 June 2022.
²⁰ Javed, Zulqarnain; Maqsood, Muhammad Haisum; Yahya, Tamer; Amin, Zahir; Acquah, Issac; Valero-Elizondo, Javier; Andrieni, Julia; Dubey, Prachi; Jackson, Ryane K; Daffin, Mary A.; Cainzoe-Achirica, Miguel; Hyder, Adnan A.; Nasir, Khurram, “Race, Racism, and Cardiovascular Health: Applying a Social Determinants of Health Framework to Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease,” Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 18 January 2022.
²¹ “Health, United States Spotlight: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Heart Disease,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, April 2019, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/spotlight/HeartDiseaseSpotlight_2019_0404.pdf.
²² Barnes, Georgia, “Unequal Treatment: Health Equity 20 Years Later,” Quality Interactions, April 2022, https://www.qualityinteractions.com/blog/unequal-treatment-health-equity-20-years-later.
²³ “The Impact of Chronic Underfunding on America’s Public Health System: Trends, Risks, and Recommendations, 2020,” Trust for America’s Health, May 2021, https://www.tfah.org/report-details/publichealthfunding2020/.
²⁴ “How Investing in Public Health Will Strengthen America’s Health,” Center for American Progress, May 2022.
²⁵ “New CMS Rule Increases Payments for Acute Care Hospitals and Advances Health Equity, Maternal Health,” Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, August 2022, https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/new-cms-rule-increases-payments-acute-care-hospitals-and-advances-health-equity-maternal-health.
²⁶ “New Health Care Equity Certification Program,” The Joint Commission, 2022.
²⁷ Waytz, Adam, “Beware a Culture of Busyness,” Harvard Business Review, March–April 2023, https://hbr.org/2023/03/beware-a-culture-of-busyness.
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