Examining racial disparity in psychotic disorders related ambulatory care visits: an observational study using national ambulatory medical care survey 2010–2015 | BMC Psychiatry
[ad_1]
Kessler RC, Birnbaum H, Demler O, Falloon IR, Gagnon E, Guyer M, et al. The prevalence and correlates of nonaffective psychosis in the National Comorbidity Survey replication (NCS-R). Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58(8):668–76.
Huang A, Amos TB, Joshi K, Wang L, Nash A. Understanding healthcare burden and treatment patterns among young adults with schizophrenia. J Med Econ. 2018;21(10):1026–35.
Census.gov. 2017 [Available from: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045218.
Gunderson JG, Mosher LR. The cost of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1975;132(9):901–6.
Cloutier M, Aigbogun MS, Guerin A, Nitulescu R, Ramanakumar AV, Kamat SA, et al. The Economic Burden of Schizophrenia in the United States in 2013. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(6):764–71.
Bourque F, van der Ven E, Malla A. A meta-analysis of the risk for psychotic disorders among first- and second-generation immigrants. Psychol Med. 2011;41(5):897–910.
Dealberto MJ. Ethnic origin and increased risk for schizophrenia in immigrants to countries of recent and longstanding immigration. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;121(5):325–39.
Kirkbride JB, Errazuriz A, Croudace TJ, Morgan C, Jackson D, Boydell J, et al. Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in England, 1950–2009: a systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(3):e31660.
Selten J-P, van der Ven E, Termorshuizen F. Migration and psychosis: a meta-analysis of incidence studies. Psychol Med. 2020;50(2):303–13.
Lazaridou FB, Schubert SJ, Ringeisen T, Kaminski J, Heinz A, Kluge U. Racism and psychosis: an umbrella review and qualitative analysis of the mental health consequences of racism. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2022:1–14.
Manseau M, Case BG. Racial-ethnic disparities in outpatient mental health visits to U.S. physicians, 1993–2008. Psychiatr Serv. 2014;65(1):59–67.
Cantor-Graae E, Selten JP. Schizophrenia and migration: a meta-analysis and review. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(1):12–24.
McGrath J, Saha S, Welham J, El Saadi O, MacCauley C, Chant D. A systematic review of the incidence of schizophrenia: the distribution of rates and the influence of sex, urbanicity, migrant status and methodology. BMC Med. 2004;2(1):13.
Beards S, Gayer-Anderson C, Borges S, Dewey ME, Fisher HL, Morgan C. Life events and psychosis: a review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2013;39(4):740–7.
Varese F, Smeets F, Drukker M, Lieverse R, Lataster T, Viechtbauer W, et al. Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr Bull. 2012;38(4):661–71.
March D, Hatch SL, Morgan C, Kirkbride JB, Bresnahan M, Fearon P, et al. Psychosis and place. Epidemiol Rev. 2008;30:84–100.
Pearce J, Rafiq S, Simpson J, Varese F. Perceived discrimination and psychosis: a systematic review of the literature. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2019;54(9):1023–44.
Strakowski SM, Flaum M, Amador X, Bracha HS, Pandurangi AK, Robinson D, et al. Racial differences in the diagnosis of psychosis. Schizophr Res. 1996;21(2):117–24.
Arnold LM, Keck PE, Collins J, Wilson R, Fleck DE, Corey KB, et al. Ethnicity and first-rank symptoms in patients with psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2004;67(2):207–12.
Barrio C, Yamada A-M, Atuel H, Hough RL, Yee S, Berthot B, et al. A tri-ethnic examination of symptom expression on the positive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res. 2003;60(2):259–69.
Snowden LR. Bias in mental health assessment and intervention: theory and evidence. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(2):239–43.
Eack SM, Bahorik AL, Newhill CE, Neighbors HW, Davis LE. Interviewer-perceived honesty as a mediator of racial disparities in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2012;63(9):875–80.
Gara MA, Vega WA, Arndt S, Escamilla M, Fleck DE, Lawson WB, et al. Influence of patient race and ethnicity on clinical assessment in patients with affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(6):593–600.
Bailey ZD, Feldman JM, Bassett MT. How structural Racism Works – Racist Policies as a Root cause of U.S. racial health inequities. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(8):768–73.
Anglin DM, Greenspoon M, Lighty Q, Ellman LM. Race-based rejection sensitivity partially accounts for the relationship between racial discrimination and distressing attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2016;10(5):411–8.
Williams DR. Stress and the Mental Health of populations of Color: advancing our understanding of race-related stressors. J Health Soc Behav. 2018;59(4):466–85.
Anglin DM, Ereshefsky S, Klaunig MJ, Bridgwater MA, Niendam TA, Ellman LM, et al. From womb to Neighborhood: a racial analysis of Social Determinants of psychosis in the United States. Am J Psychiatry. 2021;178(7):599–610.
Bao Y, Fisher J, Studnicki J. Racial differences in behavioral inpatient diagnosis: examining the mechanisms using the 2004 Florida Inpatient Discharge Data. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2008;35(3):347–57.
Statistics NCfH. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Ambulatory health care data. 2017 [Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ahcd/index.htm.
Grant RK, Brindle WM, Donnelly MC, McConville PM, Stroud TG, Bandieri L, et al. WJG World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(38):5515–657.
Ventura AMB, Hayes RD, Fonseca de Freitas D. Ethnic disparities in clozapine prescription for service-users with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2022;52(12):2212–23.
Nishanth KN, Chadda RK, Sood M, Biswas A, Lakshmy R. Physical comorbidity in schizophrenia & its correlates. Indian J Med Res. 2017;146(2):281–4.
Carney CP, Jones L, Woolson RF. Medical comorbidity in women and men with schizophrenia. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(11):1133–7.
Jeste DV, Gladsjo JA, Lindamer LA, Lacro JP. Medical comorbidity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1996;22(3):413–30.
Bhattacharjee S, Vadiei N, Goldstone L, Alrabiah Z, Sherman SJ. Patterns and predictors of Depression Treatment among older adults with Parkinson’s Disease and Depression in Ambulatory Care Settings in the United States. Parkinsons Dis. 2018;2018:3402983.
Bailey RK, Blackmon HL, Stevens FL. Major depressive disorder in the african american population: meeting the challenges of stigma, misdiagnosis, and treatment disparities. J Natl Med Assoc. 2009;101(11):1084–9.
Pederson AB. Management of depression in black people: effects of cultural issues. Psychiatric Annals. 2023;53(3):122–5.
van Os J, Kenis G, Rutten BP. The environment and schizophrenia. Nature. 2010;468(7321):203–12.
Williams DR, González HM, Neighbors H, Nesse R, Abelson JM, Sweetman J, et al. Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-hispanic whites: results from the National Survey of American Life. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(3):305–15.
Misra S, Etkins OS, Yang LH, Williams DR. Structural racism and inequities in incidence, course of illness, and treatment of psychotic Disorders among Black Americans. Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):624–32.
Seltzer T. Mental health courts: a misguided attempt to address the criminal justice system’s unfair treatment of people with mental illnesses. Psychol Public Policy Law. 2005;11(4):570.
Oluwoye O, Davis B, Kuhney FS, Anglin DM. Systematic review of pathways to care in the U.S. for Black individuals with early psychosis. NPJ Schizophr. 2021;7(1):58.
Joe S, Baser RE, Breeden G, Neighbors HW, Jackson JS. Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts among blacks in the United States. JAMA. 2006;296(17):2112–23.
Thornicroft G, Rose D, Kassam A. Discrimination in health care against people with mental illness. Int Rev psychiatry. 2007;19(2):113–22.
Akinhanmi MO, Biernacka JM, Strakowski SM, McElroy SL, Balls Berry JE, Merikangas KR, et al. Racial disparities in bipolar disorder treatment and research: a call to action. Bipolar Disord. 2018;20(6):506–14.
Haynes TF, Cheney AM, Sullivan JG, Bryant K, Curran GM, Olson M, et al. Addressing Mental Health needs: perspectives of African Americans living in the Rural South. Psychiatr Serv. 2017;68(6):573–8.
Suite DH, La Bril R, Primm A, Harrison-Ross P. Beyond misdiagnosis, misunderstanding and mistrust: relevance of the historical perspective in the medical and mental health treatment of people of color. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007;99(8):879.
McKetin R, Dawe S, Burns RA, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Teesson M, et al. The profile of psychiatric symptoms exacerbated by methamphetamine use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;161:104–9.
Bell CC, Jackson WM, Bell BH. Misdiagnosis of African-Americans with Psychiatric Issues – Part II. J Natl Med Assoc. 2015;107(3):35–41.
Sacks S, Chaple M, Sirikantraporn J, Sacks JY, Knickman J, Martinez J. Improving the capability to provide integrated mental health and substance abuse services in a state system of outpatient care. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2013;44(5):488–93.
Snowden LR, Thomas K. Medicaid and African American outpatient mental health treatment. Ment Health Serv Res. 2000;2(2):115.
Satcher D, Rachel SA. Promoting mental health equity: the role of integrated care. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2017;24:182–6.
Griffith DM, Mason M, Yonas M, Eng E, Jeffries V, Plihcik S, et al. Dismantling institutional racism: theory and action. Am J Community Psychol. 2007;39:381–92.
Battel-Kirk B, Barry MM, Taub A, Lysoby L. A review of the international literature on health promotion competencies: identifying frameworks and core competencies. Glob Health Promot. 2009;16(2):12–20.
Estroff SE, Penn DL, Toporek JR. From stigma to discrimination: an analysis of community efforts to reduce the negative consequences of having a psychiatric disorder and label. Schizophr Bull. 2004;30(3):493–509.
Clery P, Embliss L, Cussans A, Cooke E, Shukla K, Li C. Protesting for public health: a case for medical activism during the climate crisis. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2022;34(5):553–62.
Ghoreishi A, Kabootvand S, Zangani E, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Ahmadi A, Khazaie H. Prevalence and attributes of criminality in patients with schizophrenia. J Inj Violence Res. 2015;7(1):7–12.
Memon A, Taylor K, Mohebati LM, Sundin J, Cooper M, Scanlon T, et al. Perceived barriers to accessing mental health services among black and minority ethnic (BME) communities: a qualitative study in Southeast England. BMJ Open. 2016;6(11):e012337.
Kales HC, Neighbors HW, Valenstein M, Blow FC, McCarthy JF, Ignacio RV, et al. Effect of race and sex on primary care physicians’ diagnosis and treatment of late-life depression. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(5):777–84.
Hairston DR, Gibbs TA, Wong SS, Jordan A. Clinician bias in diagnosis and treatment. Racism and Psychiatry: Springer; 2019. pp. 105–37.
Schwartz RC, Feisthamel KP. Disproportionate diagnosis of mental disorders among african american versus european american clients: implications for counseling theory, research, and practice. J Couns Dev. 2009;87(3):295–301.
Schwartz RC, Blankenship DM. Racial disparities in psychotic disorder diagnosis: a review of empirical literature. World J Psychiatry. 2014;4(4):133–40.
Neighbors HW, Trierweiler SJ, Ford BC, Muroff JR. Racial differences in DSM diagnosis using a semi-structured instrument: the importance of clinical judgment in the diagnosis of African Americans. J Health Soc Behav. 2003;44(3):237–56.
Schwartz EK, Docherty NM, Najolia GM, Cohen AS. Exploring the racial diagnostic bias of schizophrenia using behavioral and clinical-based measures. J Abnorm Psychol. 2019;128(3):263.
Barry MM. Addressing the determinants of positive Mental Health: concepts, evidence and practice. Int J Mental Health Promotion. 2009;11(3):4–17.
World Health Organisation. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) 2019 [Available from: standards/classifications/classification-of-diseases.
Das-Munshi J, Bhugra D, Crawford MJ. Ethnic minority inequalities in access to treatments for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders: findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMC Med. 2018;16(1):55.
Kelly DL, Dixon LB, Kreyenbuhl JA, Medoff D, Lehman AF, Love RC, et al. Clozapine utilization and outcomes by race in a public mental health system: 1994–2000. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(9):1404–11.
Beck K, McCutcheon R, Stephenson L, Schilderman M, Patel N, Ramsay R, et al. Prevalence of treatment-resistant psychoses in the community: a naturalistic study. J Psychopharmacol. 2019;33(10):1248–53.
Baig AI, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Ebrahim G, Rodriguez-Lara J. Clozapine prescribing barriers in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review. Medicine. 2021;100(45):e27694–e.
Farooq S, Choudry A, Cohen D, Naeem F, Ayub M. Barriers to using clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: systematic review. BJPsych Bull. 2019;43(1):8–16.
Kesserwani J, Kadra G, Downs J, Shetty H, MacCabe JH, Taylor D, et al. Risk of readmission in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder newly prescribed clozapine. J Psychopharmacol. 2019;33(4):449–58.
Rhee TG, Mohamed S, Rosenheck RA. Antipsychotic prescriptions among adults with Major Depressive Disorder in Office-Based outpatient settings: National Trends from 2006 to 2015. J Clin Psychiatry. 2018;79(2).
Ahn CS, Allen M-M, Davis SA, Huang KE, Fleischer AB, Feldman SR. The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: a resource for understanding the outpatient dermatology treatment. J Dermatological Treat. 2014;25(6):453–8.
Nikolitch K, Ryder A, Jarvis GE. Adherence to Follow-Up in First-Episode Psychosis: ethnicity factors and case manager perceptions. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2018;20(3).
[ad_2]
Source link
